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The European Hare or Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) is a species of hare native to northern, central, and western Europe and western Asia.
It is a mammal adapted to temperate open country. It is related to the similarly appearing rabbit, which is in the same family but a different genus. It breeds on the ground rather than in a burrow and relies on speed to escape.
It is larger, longer-eared, and longer-legged than a rabbit. It has a body size of 50-70 cm and a tail length of 7-11 cm. The weight for a full-grown adult ranges from 2.5 to 6.5 kg. It can run at speeds of up to 72 km/h (45 mi/h). It is strictly herbivorous. It eats grasses and herbs during the summer months but changes to feeding on twigs, bark, and the buds of young trees in winter, making it a pest to orchard farmers.
Normally shy animals, hares change their behaviour in spring, when they can be seen in broad daylight chasing one another around meadows. During this spring frenzy, hares can be seen "boxing". This is where hares strike one another with their paws. For a long time it had been thought that this was inter-male competition, but closer observation has revealed that it is usually a female hitting a male, either to show that she is not yet quite ready to mate or as a test of his determination.
The hare is declining in Europe due to changes in farming practices. Its natural predators include the Golden Eagle and carnivorous mammals like the Red Fox and Wolf.
Smaller hares native to southern Europe previously regarded as European Hares have been split off as separate species in recent years, including the Broom Hare in northern Spain.
The Broom Hare (Lepus castroviejoi) is a species of hare endemic to northern Spain. It is restricted to the Cantabrian Mountains in northern Spain between the Sierra de Ancares and the Sierra de Pena Labra. This region is approximately 230 km (140 mi) from east to west and 25–40 km (16–25 mi) from north to south. It lives in mountains at heights almost 2,000 m (6,600 ft) high, though descends during the winter to avoid the colder temperatures and snow. The habitat is heathland, mainly Erica, Calluna, and Vaccinium, with much shrub cover of Cytisus, Genista, and Juniperus. It also inhabits clearings in mixed deciduous forest of oak and beech.
The Broom Hare has a body length that ranges from 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long. Its tail will grow to lengths of 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) long. Its front legs grow from 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) and the back legs can grow from 20–30 cm (7.9–12 in) long. The ears can grow to be as long as 18–20 cm (7.1–7.9 in). The fur of the Broom Hare is a mixture of brown, black and very little white on the upper part of the body. The underside of the body is all white. The top of the tail is black while the underside of the tail matches the body in being white. The ears are brownish-gray and are usually black tipped.
The species was only described as distinct in 1976; previously it had not been distinguished from the European Hare. Little is known about the feeding, reproductive, or behavioural habits of the Broom Hare but it is believed to be similar to that of the European Hare.